安防監控技術的學科性質及其形成

所屬分類：手機監控

發布時間：2021-11-21 20:08:17

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一直以來，安全防范技術涉及的學科領域多、范圍廣，以前一直是將光電、電子、計算機等學科技術和設備拿來構成安防系統，因此它是光電等學科技術的一門應用技術。尤其是光電信息技術學科，如安全防范系統的前端的圖像傳感器和防盜、防火探測器主要是光電成像器件和光電探測器件，其終端和不可見光源等又是其電光轉換器件與發光器件，還有傳輸圖像信息的光纖、紅外光傳輸、夜視及光電圖像的處理、識別與跟蹤系統等。所以，安防技術實質上是光電信息技術在安全技術防范系統中的一門應用科學技術。當然，安防系統的控制部分，要用到計算機技術，電路部分要用到電子技術，設備的裝配、定位與機殼的設計制作又牽涉到機械技術等。因此，安防技術可以說是一個集光電、電子、計算機、通信、機械等為一體的多學科的邊緣和多學科交叉的綜合性應用的高新技術。

目前，傳統的學科界限和專業界限將越來越淡化，各種高新技術的交叉滲透和融合，將是一門新技術（如安防監控技術）未來發展的總趨勢。因此，安防監控系統的設計者，要密切注意各領域科學技術的發展，要不斷采用先進而成熟的技術，不斷充實智能化功能，以完善系統的設計。值得指出的是，在綜合應用各種新技術的同時，必須要注意探測、響應、延遲三個基本要素的協調及技防、物防、人防三種基本手段的配合，這樣才能真正有效地實現安全防范的目的。

隨著光電信息技術、微電子、微型計算機及數字視頻技術的發展，安防監控技術已由傳統的模擬式而走向高度集成的小型化、數字化、網絡化，并正向著集成化、高清化、智能化的方展。目前，安防監控技術已從前臺管理走向后臺處理。在許多數字視頻設備中，將具有圖像特征提取、處理與識別的功能，如通過圖像分析實現運動探測和報警、人與車輛等的異常行為的探測與報警等，使安防技術具備智能化特點。目前，安防技術已從應用各學科技術的經典模式向以圖像處理、識別與跟蹤為核心的安防技術本身特點所需的現代智能化模式轉變。安全防范技術學科已由光電等其他學科的應用技術，發展成為一專門的學科技術。尤其是美國9·11及英國爆炸案等事件的發生，更加促使安全防范技術學科的誕生和發展。

For a long time, security technology involves many subject fields and a wide range. In the past, it has always used optoelectronics, electronics, computers and other subject technologies and equipment to form a security system. Therefore, it is an application technology of Optoelectronics and other subject technologies. In particular, photoelectric information technology disciplines, such as image sensors and anti-theft and fire detectors at the front end of the security system, mainly photoelectric imaging devices and photoelectric detection devices, and their terminals and invisible light sources are their electro-optic converters and light-emitting devices, as well as optical fiber, infrared light transmission, night vision and photoelectric image processing Identification and tracking system, etc. Therefore, security technology is essentially an applied science and technology of photoelectric information technology in security technology prevention system. Of course, computer technology is used in the control part of the security system, electronic technology is used in the circuit part, and mechanical technology is involved in the assembly and positioning of equipment and the design and manufacture of casing. Therefore, security technology can be said to be a multi-disciplinary edge and multi-disciplinary comprehensive application high-tech integrating optoelectronics, electronics, computers, communications and machinery.
At present, the traditional disciplinary and professional boundaries will be more and more weakened. The cross penetration and integration of various high and new technologies will be the general trend of the future development of a new technology (such as security monitoring technology). Therefore, the designer of security monitoring system should pay close attention to the development of science and technology in various fields, constantly adopt advanced and mature technology and constantly enrich intelligent functions to improve the design of the system. It is worth pointing out that while comprehensively applying various new technologies, we must pay attention to the coordination of the three basic elements of detection, response and delay and the cooperation of the three basic means of technical defense, material defense and civil defense, so as to truly and effectively achieve the purpose of security.
With the development of photoelectric information technology, microelectronics, microcomputer and digital video technology, security monitoring technology has changed from traditional analog to highly integrated miniaturization, digitization and networking, and is developing towards integration, high definition and intelligence. At present, security monitoring technology has moved from foreground management to background processing. In many digital video equipment, it will have the functions of image feature extraction, processing and recognition, such as motion detection and alarm, abnormal behavior detection and alarm of people and vehicles through image analysis, so as to make the security technology intelligent. At present, the security technology has changed from the classical mode of applying the technology of various disciplines to the modern intelligent mode required by the characteristics of the security technology with image processing, recognition and tracking as the core. The discipline of security technology has developed from the application technology of Optoelectronics and other disciplines to a special discipline technology. In particular, the 9 / 11 bombings in the United States and the British bombings have further promoted the birth and development of security technology.